Lithium (Li) is the lightest metal found in nature. Silver white, specific gravity 0.534, melting point 180 ° C, boiling point 1342 ° C. Lithium is by the Swedish chemist Berzelius (JJBerzelius) students Swede阿尔费德æ¾(JAArfvedson) in 1817 first discovered in the analysis when picked petalite Yau Peach Island (Uto¨) from the shell Zirius called the new metal Lithium. In 1818, the British H. Davy made a small amount of lithium metal by electrolyzing lithium carbonate. In 1855, RW Bunsen and A. Matthiessen produced a relatively large amount of metallic lithium by electrolytically melting lithium chloride, and studied its properties in detail. In 1923, Germany began industrial production of lithium.
First, the nature and use of lithium
Lithium is a lively metal that is very soft and self-igniting in oxygen and air. Lithium is also an important energy metal. Its application in high-energy lithium batteries and controlled thermonuclear reactions makes lithium an important raw material for solving human long-term energy supply. The development of the lithium industry is closely related to the development of the military industry. In the 1950s, the lithium industry was rapidly developed due to the need to extract the isotope 6Li for nuclear fusion. Lithium was an important raw material for the production of hydrogen bombs, neutron bombs and proton bombs. The lithium compound is also widely used in glass ceramic industry, aluminum smelting industry, air conditioning and lithium grease, pharmaceutical, industrial organic synthesis. Lithium series products are widely used in smelting, refrigeration, atomic energy, aerospace and ceramics, glass, grease, rubber, welding, medicine, battery and other industries. There are fewer than ten countries with lithium resources in the world, and Asia is unique to China.
Second, the characteristics of ore raw materials
Lithium is one of the dilute alkali elements and is widely distributed in nature. The average content in the earth's crust is 20×10 -6 (Taylor, 1964). It has different degrees of distribution in the main types of magmatic rocks and major types of sedimentary rocks. The content of granite is high, with an average content of 40×10 -6 (Vinogradov, 1962). In nature, has now found more than 150 lithium minerals and lithium-containing ore, wherein the lithium is independent minerals 30 kinds, mostly silicate (67%) and phosphate (21.2%), others Very few. As a mineral raw material for the preparation of lithium, it is mainly spodumene (containing Li 2 O 5.8% to 8.1%), lithium mica (containing Li 2 O 3.2% to 6.45%), and lithium phosphite (including Li 2 O7. 1% to 10.1%), lithium feldspar (containing Li 2 O 2.9% to 4.8%) and iron lithium mica (containing Li 2 O 1.1% to 5%), of which the first three minerals are the most important.
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