According to the US Energy Information Administration, the spread of LED bulbs, fluorescent lamps or incandescent bulbs is almost very similar by 2020. By then, due to rising energy standards, incandescent bulbs will be eliminated because they cannot meet the energy saving effect.
Since January 1, 2014, the United States has banned the production and sale of 40 watts and 60 watts of incandescent light bulbs, but many US homes have stockpiled many of these types of conventional light bulbs before the ban took effect, so the next 75 watts and 100 watts Traditional light bulbs will also be part of the ban.
Driven by federal standards and general lighting technology, the reliability of the bulb is increased, and the life span is also increasing. As the efficiency is getting better and better, the power consumption of the general residential lighting is also gradually decreasing. Therefore, although the price of the initial purchase of the LED bulb is relatively high, the LED bulb is more efficient, and the cost is significantly greater than that of the conventional bulb.
Even so, most American households believe that if the price of replacing 40-watt or 60-watt incandescent lamps with LED bulbs is too high, many households switch to buying daylight bulbs to replace incandescent bulbs, but the US Energy Information Administration estimates that it is time. This trend will change in 2020, when the price of LED and incandescent bulbs will be very close.
According to the US Energy Information Administration, by 2020, the efficiency of LED bulbs will exceed 150 lumens per watt, which is almost 10 times higher than the 16 lumens per watt of traditional 60-watt incandescent bulbs. In addition, LED bulbs can last up to 30 years and will change the way people use bulbs.
Between now and 2020, halogen incandescent lamps will continue to be used because they can be applied to general service lighting standards. However, by 2020, standards will continue to increase, and halogen incandescent lamps will also face the inability to meet efficiency. Therefore, manufacturers must now focus on developing more efficient technologies.
In the future, LED bulbs will continue to be updated with technology and cost reduction. Perhaps by 2025, the US bulb market will be completely replaced by a new generation of solid-state lighting, and this trend will also become a global trend.
Working principle of integral Alternator
When the external circuit through the brush excitation winding is energized, it generates a magnetic field, the claw pole magnetized N pole and S pole. When the rotor rotates, flux alternately in the stator windings changes, according to the electromagnetic induction principle knowable, the stator three-phase winding produced alternating induced electromotive force. This is the alternator power generation principle.
The original motivation (i.e. engine driven DC excitation of synchronous generator rotor, with the speed of n (RPM) rotation, three-phase stator winding induction AC voltage. The stator winding if access to electricity load, motor with AC power output, after internal generator rectifier bridge will convert AC to DC power is output from the output terminal.
The content of AC generator stator winding and rotor winding and the three-phase stator winding according to the mutual difference distribution of 120 electrical degrees on the shell PTT and rotor winding is composed of two pieces of claw pole. When the rotor windings connect when DC is two pole excitation, the formation of N and S poles. Magnetic pole starting from N, through the air gap into the stator core to the adjacent S. Rotor once rotated, the rotor winding will cuts the magnetic lines of force and mutual difference of 120 electrical degrees of sinusoidal EMF in stator windings, the three-phase alternating current, again through the diode rectifier changed to DC output.
When the switch is closed, the current is supplied first by the battery. Circuit:
The positive battery, charging indicator, regulator, excitation winding, contact ground, negative battery. At this time, due to the current through the charging indicator light, so the exhibit of lanterns.
But after starting the engine, with the increasing speed of the generator, the terminal voltage of the generator is increasing. When the generator output voltage and the battery voltage is equal to the generator "B" and "d" end of equal potential. At the same time, the charging indicator due to the ends of the potential difference is zero and extinguished. The generator has been instructed to work properly, the excitation current is supplied by the generator itself.Generator three-phase winding three-phase AC electromotive force generated by the resistance after diode rectifier, DC output, power supply to the load and to the battery charging.
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