1. Deposits related to metamorphism or occurring in metamorphic rocks
Most of the deposits are located in the Archean-Proterozoic deep metamorphic crystalline schist or the Neoproterozoic shallow metamorphic rock series of the basement or the paleo-uplift zone. The main mineral magnesite, talc, granite, marble, mineral boron, phosphorus ore, sulfur ore, kyanite and crushed mica. A typical deposit as produced in the ancient Proterozoic Liaohe Group calcium magnesium carbonate construction of Liaoning Haicheng Magnesite deposit, Liaoning Haicheng talc deposits; produced in the Precambrian Jiaodong group in Shandong South Shu graphite deposit; production A group of mixed lithologic granite deposits in the Taiping Mountains, Taihang Mountain, and the Dengshan Group, and the Anshan Group in Liaoning, such as the Yanshi granite deposit in Henan; the Huangshan Houdali rock deposit in Shandong Province, which was produced in the Yuanguyu Fanzishan Group; Liaoning Wengquangou boron deposit produced in Yuanguyu; Jiangsu Jinping Phosphate Deposit and Yuansu Phosphorus Deposit in Yuanguyu marine sedimentary metamorphic rocks; produced in Sinian, Cambrian, Devonian and other metamorphic rocks pyrite shallow bed, such as charcoal, Inner port sulfur and iron deposit Dajiangping Yunfu pyrite bed; Shanxi uplift located in eastern edge, produced in Neoarchean five groups of schist Kyanite, corundum and muscovite deposits, such as the Lingyun broken muscovite deposit in Hebei.
Second, sedimentary deposits
This type of deposit has a wide metallogenic environment and a long metallogenic period. During the long period of geochronology from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic, industrially significant deposits were formed in various shallow sea basins, depressions, fault basins, and lake waters in which marine, continental, and marine processes interacted.
The non-metallic minerals formed by sedimentation mainly include limestone, dolomite , sandstone , shale , refractory clay , barite , kaolin , phosphate rock and salt minerals. The age of mineralization is dominated by the Paleozoic and Cenozoic. The ore-forming is controlled by sedimentary basins, with a wide distribution, large mineralized area, and often distributed in pieces. Typical deposits such as the Jingjing Phosphorus Deposit in Hubei Province in the Late Sinian, the Kunyang Phosphorus Deposit in Yunnan in the Early Cambrian, and the Shifang Phosphorus Deposit in Sichuan in the Middle Devonian; the Yangquan in Shanxi, produced in the Carboniferous and Permian Refractory clay deposits in Hunan Xiangtan, Inner Mongolia Zhungeer, Sichuan Guangyuan and Shandong Zibo; Guizhou Tianzhu and Hunan Gongxi barite deposits produced in the Upper Cambrian; produced in the Middle Carboniferous and the South Permian strata of coal and pyrite symbiotic hard kaolin deposits, such as Sichuan Zhou coal bed; Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic respectively dolomite or limestone deposit formation .
The later evaporite deposits in the sedimentary deposits, also known as salt deposits, can be subdivided into ancient salt lake deposits and modern salt lake deposits. Salt deposits include gypsum , salt mine, potash , boron, thenardite , trona and other minerals. The earliest era of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation contains the gypsum rock series—the Xishan gypsum deposit in Shanxi. Gansu Tianzhu gypsum deposit produced in the Lower Carboniferous Ou Niugou Formation. It is concentrated in the Sichuan Weixi salt deposit formed by the Triassic in Sichuan and western Hubei. Located in the Wenmen Basin of Shandong Province, it is produced in the Dawenkou anhydrite- calcium sulphate- stone salt complex in Shandong Province in the Lower Tertiary Oligocene . Produced in the Lower Tertiary Eocene, Henan Wucheng and Anpeng trona deposits. A continental gypsum salt deposit located in the Tertiary Eocene in the inland depression of the Dongting Lake, such as the Yingcheng Gypsum Salt Deposit in Hubei. It is located in the Quaternary inland salt lake potash deposit in the southeast of the Qaidam Basin - the Chaerhan potash deposit in Qinghai . Occurred in the Upper Pleistocene - the Holocene lacustrine deposit in Inner Mongolia.
three, Â a deposit associated with or occurring in volcanic activity
The minerals associated with volcanism are mainly perlite , zeolite , bentonite , fluorite , alum , corundum, andalusite , diatomaceous earth , gypsum and decorative or architectural properties, which can be used as a stone from acidic to ultrabasic. Various volcanic rocks. The mineral deposits are mainly distributed in the volcanic rock development zones of the northwest, southwest and east coasts of China. The metallogenic age is dominated by the Mesozoic, and is related to the Yanshanian magmatism. Typical deposits include perlite, zeolite, bentonite deposits and pumice , volcanic ash , attapulgite clay and diatomite deposits formed by eruption and hydrolysis, such as Jilin Changbai and the third line. The diatomite deposit in Jixian County, Zhejiang Province, the Yanxian zeolite deposit produced in the Cretaceous , and the Jinchang bentonite deposit in Gansu, produced in the Permian volcanic system. Corundum, andalusite, alunite deposits formed by the eruption alteration, such as produced in CHANGLE basalt sapphire (corundum) produced in the Jurassic volcanic deposits and lines Ruian alunite deposits and the like. Volcanic rock itself can be used as building stone such as rhyolite, andesite , basalt and so on.
4. Deposits related to magma or produced in magmatic rocks
The minerals associated with it are diamond , asbestos , mica, gemstones, jade , fluorite, pyrite, barite and granite. The ore-forming era is dominated by the Yanshanian period. Typical deposits such as: asbestos deposits produced in ultrabasic rocks, such as Sichuan Shimian mining area, Qinghai Yanya asbestos mining area; Liaoning Wafang , which is located in the kimberlite rock tube ( pulse ) on both sides of the North China Platform Shop and Shandong Mengyin diamond deposit; muscovite deposits produced in the granitic pegmatites of the Precambrian metamorphic rocks and the geosyncline folds - Inner Mongolia Tuguiwula, Xinjiang Fuyun and Sichuan Danba The parent deposit; the contact-interchange type Kuodian boron deposit associated with the Yanshanian magmatism; a series of associated pyrite deposits associated with copper and non-ferrous metals associated with the Yanshanian intermediate-acidic magmatic rocks in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. as Dexing, Chengmenshan, silver Hill, Tongling like copper, lead zinc mine; produced in diorite and granite YANSHANIAN Carboniferous - Triassic limestone belt contacting wollastonite DAYE Mineral deposits; hydrothermal-filled barite deposits produced in the Lower Devonian, such as the Pancun mining area in Guangxi; various gemstones and jade deposits associated with magmatic activities; and widely distributed granites composed of various magmatic rocks Mineral deposits, etc.
Fives, Â Weathered residual and sand deposit
Such deposits are not important. Most of them are clay minerals, gemstones, barite and diamonds. Typical deposits such as the Kaolinite deposit in Gaoling Village, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, the Jiutai bentonite deposit in Jilin, and the Gulingling in the west of Xiangzhou Temple in Guangxi, are distributed in the Minjiang River Basin and the Weihe River Basin in Shandong Province. Diamond sand deposits, etc.
(1) Development and utilization of mineral products
Non-metallic mining is the basic industry of the national economy. Non-metallic minerals and their processed products are widely used in metallurgy, machinery, electronics, foundry, chemical, light industry, building materials, food, national defense and environmental protection, medical and health industries. The development of non-metallic mining has brought significant economic benefits to the national economy and has been widely valued by countries around the world.
Non-metallic mining plays an important role in the development of China's national economy, especially in the past 10 years, some of China's dominant mineral products, such as graphite, talc, asbestos, stone, crushed mica, fluorite, barite, etc. It meets the needs of the rapid development of the national economy and is also exported in large quantities. China's non-metallic mineral deep processing products industry has also developed from a single product to mica series, graphite series, diatomite series, kaolin series, talc series and other products. Over the years, China's exports of graphite, talc, fluorite and barite have accounted for 35% to 60% of world trade , ranking first in the world. Stone export volume increased year by year, in 1996, China's export volume of stone has reached 4.465 million t, exports amounted to $ 684 million, second only to Italy to become the world's second major exporter of stone. According to customs data, in 1997, building materials and non-metallic mineral exports amounted to $ 2.398 billion, an increase of 10.7% over 1996, which would granite stone export volume of nearly $ 500 million.
China's non-metallic mining industry generally has the following characteristics:
First, there are many minerals. At present, there are more than 150 kinds of non-metallic minerals and more than 50 kinds of rocks . There are more than 30 kinds of industrial scales that have been developed and utilized in China .
Second, the mineral properties of each mineral are different and the commonality is small. It has the hardest mineral diamonds and the softest mineral talc; it has the most expensive gem-quality diamonds and low-cost sandstones. Most of the useful substances developed in non-metallic minerals are not their elements or chemical components, but non-metallic minerals or the rock itself. Many non-metallic minerals are crystalline minerals. The larger the crystal is, the more perfect it is. The more valuable it is, the more important it is to protect its mineral crystals from damage during mining and beneficiation . At present, the beneficiation processing of non-metallic minerals covers almost all known processing methods of mineral processing.
Third, there are many users and different product requirements. Products are produced according to user requirements. Nearly all industrial sectors and defense science in the country are inseparable from non-metallic mineral products. In addition to standard equipment, there are many non-standard equipment, and the inspection methods for each mineral product are also different.
Fourth, the scale of production is small, there are many township enterprises, and there are few state-owned enterprises. Most of the mining and mining technology, equipment and deep processing technology are backward, the comprehensive utilization degree is low, and the resource utilization rate is not high.
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