In floatability clay minerals classified metal oxides and silicates, aluminum silicate minerals.
Clay generally refers to a natural aggregate, a soil-like aggregate dominated by aqueous aluminosilicate. Except for a small amount of coarse particles, most of the particle size is very fine, and the diameter is several micrometers or more, and the mineral composition is complicated. The clay (class) in this section refers to various polar silicon (aluminum-silicon) acid earth mineral raw materials with extremely fine particle size and poor floatability, and may include kaolin , refractory clay , bentonite (montmorillonite). Acidic clay and sepiolite. The composition of several of the representative minerals is shown in Table 1.
These clay mineral raw materials are widely used. It can be used as raw materials for ceramics and refractories, paper, rubber, soap fillers, decolorizers, binders, drilling muds, catalysts, etc. The technical processing and product requirements for such mineral raw materials vary greatly depending on the application. This section introduces the flotation of polar clay raw materials from the perspective of flotation processing based on the study of deeper kaolin.
The processing of kaolin raw materials may include the following processes: crushing-grinding-flotation (magnetic separation)-grading-bleaching-dense-filtration-drying. Wherein: the flotation stripped for anatase (TiO 2), magnetic separation (HGMS or magnetic) for removing iron oxide. Bleaching with chlorine, sulfur dioxide or zinc thiocyanate as a bleaching agent, the purpose is to dissolve the colored substances such as rust and increase the whiteness of the product (for certain clay minerals, it is also activated). The purpose and principle of the rest of the process are the same as for the general beneficiation process.
Table 1 Representative polar clay minerals
mineral | Chemical formula | proportion | Zero point | other |
Kaolin Elo stone Montmorillonite Sepiolite Palygorskite | Al 2 Si 2 O 3 (OH) 4 (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg) 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 H 2 O Al 2 Si 2 O 3 (OH) 4 ·nH 2 O Mg 3 Si 12 O 30 (OH) 4 ·(OH 2 ) 4 ·8H 2 O Mg 3 Si 8 O 20 (OH) 2 ·(OH 2 ) 4 ·4H 2 O | 2.609 2-2.8 | 3.4 |
The main component is a clay mineral of silicate or aluminosilicate, and the surface potential is usually 3-4. Due to the small particle size and large surface area, especially the mineral crystals such as sepiolite have a long strip shape with alternating irregularities, and have a large ion exchange capacity. In the flotation, there are several common features as follows:
(1) Large consumption of pharmaceuticals (the amount of fatty acids can be as high as 2.5gk/t)
(2) The flotation concentration is low and has good selectivity. The concentration of the flotation slurry is optimal at 10%, and the concentration of the carrier flotation (back-floating) should not be higher than 20%.
(3) The flotation speed is slow. The general flotation time is 45 to 100 minutes.
(4) Flotation products often contain more residual agents, which may have a bad effect on the use of the product. For example, as a decolorizing agent to contaminate food or medicine, the offshore drilling mud has different effects on the stability of the mud depending on the type of the agent.
(5) Difficulties in dewatering and cost due to low concentration flotation.
(6) The advantage is that the purity and whiteness of the product can be improved, and the disadvantage is high cost. And pollute the environment.
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