[Chemical composition] Sb is mixed with a similar content of up to 3%. Further, trace amounts of Hg, Ge, Se, V, and the like are present.
[Crystal structure] monoclinic system; ; a 0 =1.149 nm, b 0 =0.959 nm, c 0 =0.425 nm, β=90°27'; Z=4. The orpiment has a layered structure: As, S ions are connected into layers, each As in the layer is surrounded by 3 S, and each S is connected to two Ass (Fig. L-16). The layers are parallel to (010), and the layers are maintained by weak molecular bonds; thus parallel {010} produces complete cleavage.
Figure L-16 Crystal structure of the orpiment
(quoted from Pan Zhaoyu et al., 1993)
[Form] Common plate or short column (Figure L-17). The aggregate is in the form of a sheet, a comb, a soil, etc. (Fig. L-18).
Figure L-17 Crystals of the female yellow
(a) quoted from Pan Zhaoyu et al., 1993, (b) according to Wang Wenkui et al., 1994, produced in Shimen, Hunan.
Parallel double-sided: o{301}; slanted square column: m{110}, u{210}, x{ 11}, γ{ 21}, β{ 31}, v{ 31}
Figure L-18 is a columnar cluster of orpiment
[Physical properties] lemon yellow; bright yellow streak; adamantyl oil sheen to gloss, pearl gloss cleavage plane. The cleavage parallel {010} is extremely complete and the sheet is flexible. Hardness 1.5 to 2. The relative density is 3.5.
[genesis and occurrence] is found in low temperature hydrothermal deposits and is a standard mineral. Often symbiotic with the realgar.
China's Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Gansu and other provinces have output, especially in Hunan and Yunnan.
[identification characteristics] lemon yellow, low hardness, a group of extremely complete cleavage. Similar to natural sulfur , but natural sulfur is not completely cleavable.
[Main use] It is the main ore mineral for arsenic and various arsenic compounds, and can also be used for traditional Chinese medicine.
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