Air temperature and plant growth and development

1. Daily changes in temperature and daily changes in plant growth and temperature have important implications for plant growth, organic matter accumulation, yield and quality. Through the measurement of the accumulated temperature instrument, the growth and development of plants in the optimal temperature range is accelerated with the increase of temperature, and exceeding the effective temperature range will cause harm to the plants. Day-night warming has a significant effect on plant growth. Tests have shown that tomato growth and seed setting are much better under constant temperature conditions than at constant temperature.
During the period of plant growth and development, the temperature is usually between the minimum temperature and the optimum temperature. It is beneficial to have a large difference between this time. Proper high temperatures during the day are conducive to enhancing photosynthesis, and appropriate low temperatures at night will help reduce respiratory consumption, such as in the northwest of China. The high sugar content of the fruits and the good quality are closely related to the poor daily temperatures.
In areas with large temperature differences at high latitudes, at relatively low temperatures, the daytime difference is favorable to seed germination; at higher temperatures, the smaller daily difference is beneficial to seed germination: the diurnal variation of temperature is also related to the combination of high and low temperatures.
2. Annual changes in temperature and annual changes in plant growth and development temperature also have a great influence on plant growth. High temperatures are unfavorable to cool and cool plants, while thermophilic plants need a relatively high temperature period. For example, in the Yunnan plateau where there is a period of spring due to the lack of high summer temperatures, some rice varieties do not mature sufficiently; however, they grow well in Hubei where the average temperature is similar.
The non-periodic changes in temperature are likely to produce low-temperature disasters and high-temperature heat damage to plant growth and development. Commonly used temperature indicators for plant production, plant growth at the tomb temperature of three plant growth are carried out within a certain temperature range. The general plant growth temperature range is 5-40 °C, and the development temperature range is between 10-20 °C. Within this range, the effect of temperature on the long-term development of plant growth has three basic point temperatures, namely, the lowest temperature, the most suitable temperature, and the highest humidity, which is called the three-point temperature. In the optimum temperature range, the total activity of plants is the strongest and the growth is fastest. Below the minimum temperature or above the maximum temperature, plant growth stops. The 3 base point temperatures of different plants are different. Plants in high latitudes and cold regions have lower temperature range at 3 base points. Plants in low latitude and warm regions have higher temperature bases at 3 base points. Difference; the same variety of plants at different growth stages of its 3 base point temperature is also different, such as the growth of rice seedlings require at least 13-15 °C water temperature, but to the filling period is required to reach more than 20 °C.
3. The base point temperature is the most basic temperature indicator and has a wide range of uses. Three base point temperatures must be considered in determining the validity of temperature, the crop's growing season and distribution area, and calculating plant growth and development speed and production potential.

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