Abstract: Traps play the role of steam blocking and drainage in the steam heating system. The proper steam trap can make the steam heating equipment reach the highest working efficiency. In order to achieve the best results, we must conduct a comprehensive understanding of the performance of various types of traps, features. Keywords: Trap Structure Work principle Traps in the steam heating system to play a role in blocking steam drainage, select the appropriate trap, the steam heating equipment to achieve maximum efficiency. In order to achieve the best results, we must conduct a comprehensive understanding of the performance of various types of traps, features. Trap a lot of varieties, each with different properties. The choice of traps, the first choice should be its characteristics to meet the best operation of steam heating equipment, and then consider other objective conditions, so you need to select the trap is correct and effective. Traps to be able to "identify" steam and condensate in order to play the role of gas blocking drainage. "Identifying" steam and condensate is based on three principles: density difference, temperature difference and phase transition. So on the basis of three principles to create three types of traps, classified as mechanical, thermal static, thermodynamic. I. Mechanical Traps: Mechanical type, also known as the float type, is the use of condensed water and steam density difference, through the condensation of liquid level changes, so that the float lift valve to open or close, to block steam drainage purposes. Mechanical type of small degree of supercooling traps, free from pressure and temperature changes, the water that is row, no water heating equipment, heating equipment can achieve the best heat transfer efficiency. Maximum back pressure ratio of 80%, high quality workmanship, the production process is the ideal heating device steam trap. Mechanical trap with free float, free half float, lever float, inverted bucket, etc. ----- 1. Free float trap: Free float trap has a simple structure, internal Only a moving parts of fine grinding stainless steel hollow float, both float and opening and closing pieces, non-wearing parts, long service life, "Silver Ball" brand traps with Y series automatic exhaust air device inside, very sensitive, Can automatically discharge air, high-quality work. When the equipment is just started to work, the air in the pipeline is exhausted by the Y series automatic exhaust air device. The low temperature condensate water enters the steam trap, the condensate water level rises, the float rises, the valve opens, the condensate water rapidly discharges and the steam quickly enters Equipment, equipment, rapid heating, Y series of automatic exhaust air temperature of the liquid expansion of the device, automatic exhaust air device is turned off. Traps began to work normally, the float with the condensate level rise and fall, block steam drainage. Free float ball valve seat is always below the liquid level to form a water seal, no steam leakage, energy saving effect. Minimum working pressure 0.01Mpa, from 0.01Mpa to the maximum operating pressure range from the impact of temperature and pressure fluctuations, continuous drainage. To the saturation temperature condensate water, the minimum undercooling is 0 ℃, heating equipment without water, can make the heating equipment to achieve the best heat transfer efficiency. Back pressure rate greater than 85%, is the production of process heating equipment, one of the best trap. 2. Free half-float trap: Free half-float trap Only one half-float bucket is a moving part, opening down, the bucket is the opening and closing pieces, but also the seal. The entire spherical surface can be sealed, long service life, water resistance, no wearing parts, trouble-free, durable, no steam leakage. The back pressure rate is greater than 80%, to the saturation temperature condensate water, the minimum undercooling is 0 ℃, heating equipment without water, can make the heating equipment to achieve the best heat transfer efficiency. When the device is just started, air and low temperature condensate in the pipeline enter the steam trap through the launch tube. The bimetallic emptying element in the valve bounces the bucket open, the valve opens, and the air and low temperature condensate drain rapidly. When the steam enters the bucket, the bucket produces upward buoyancy, while the temperature inside the valve rises, the bimetallic emptying element contracts, the bucket drifts toward the valve port, and the valve closes. When the steam inside the bucket becomes condensed water, the bucket loses its buoyancy and sinks, the valve opens and the condensate drains quickly. When the steam enters the barrel again, the valve is closed again, intermittently and continuously. 3. Lever float trap: Lever float trap the basic characteristics of the same with the free float, the internal structure of the float lever connected to the valve spool, with the condensation of the liquid level switch valve. Leveraged float traps use double seats to increase the condensate displacement to achieve a small volume displacement, the maximum hydrophobic capacity of 100 tons / hour, is the ideal large-scale heating equipment traps. 4. Inverted bucket trap: Inverted bucket trap inside is an inverted bucket for the level of sensitive parts, bucket opening down, inverted bucket connected lever to drive the spool valve. Upside-down bucket trap to the air, not afraid of water hammer, anti-fouling performance. Undercooling is small, the leakage rate is less than 3%, the maximum back pressure rate of 75%, more connectors, the sensitivity of free float ball traps. Because inverted bucket steam trap is closed by steam buoyancy valve, working pressure less than 0.1MPA, not suitable for use. When the device is just started, air and low temperature condensate in the pipeline enter the steam trap, the inverted bucket falls by its own weight, the inverted bucket connects the lever to drive the valve core to open the valve, and the air and low-temperature condensed water are rapidly discharged. When the steam enters the inverted bucket, the steam in the inverted bucket generates upward buoyancy, and the inverted bucket rises to connect the lever to drive the valve core to close the valve. Inverted bucket has a small hole, when part of the steam discharged from the hole, the other part of the steam condensate, inverted bucket loses its buoyancy, by its own weight to the sink, inverted bucket connected to the lever to open the valve spool, the cycle Work, intermittent drainage. 5. Combined superheated steam traps: Combined superheated steam traps have two isolated valve chamber, the two stainless steel pipe connected to the upper and lower valve cavity, which is by the float and inverted bucket trap combination, the valve The structure is advanced and reasonable. Under the working conditions of overheating, high pressure and light load, the condensate formed when the superheated steam disappears can be discharged in time, effectively preventing overheated steam leakage and high working quality. The maximum allowable temperature of 600 ℃, the valve body is all stainless steel, the valve seat is carbide steel, long service life, is a steam trap for superheated steam, made two national patents, to fill the gap. When the condensate into the lower chamber, the deputy valve float with the liquid level rise, the float closed into the steam hole. The condensate water rises to the main valve cavity through the water inlet pipe. The inverted bucket falls down by its own weight and drives the valve core to open the main valve and discharge the condensate. When the vice cavity of the condensate water level drops, the float drops with the liquid level, deputy valve open. The steam enters into the inverted bucket inside the main valve cavity through the steam inlet pipe, the uplift bucket produces upward buoyancy, and the inverted bucket actuates the valve core to close the main valve. When the secondary valve cavity condensate water level then rise, the next cycle began again, intermittent drainage. Second, the thermostatic trap: This type of trap is the use of steam and condensate temperature difference caused by temperature deformation of components or expansion drive spool valve. Subcooling of thermal-static trap is relatively large, the general degree of subcooling is 15 degrees to 40 degrees, it can make use of part of the heat of condensation water, the valve always has high temperature condensate, no steam leakage, significant energy-saving effect . Is in the steam pipe, heating pipelines, small heating equipment, heating equipment, low temperature requirements of small heating equipment, the ideal trap. Thermostatic trap with a membrane box, bellows, bimetal ------ 1. Diaphragm trap: diaphragm trap main action element is a metal diaphragm, diaphragm Filled with a vaporization temperature lower than the saturation temperature of water, open valve temperature below the saturation temperature of 15 ℃ and 30 ℃ are two options. Diaphragm valve trap response is particularly sensitive, not afraid of freezing, small size, resistance to overheating, can be installed anywhere. Back pressure rate is greater than 80%, can row non-condensable gas, membrane box, long life, easy maintenance, using a wide range. When the device is started, the pipeline appears low temperature condensate, the liquid in the capsule is in a condensed state and the valve is in the open position. When the condensate water temperature gradually increases, the liquid in the capsule begins to evaporate, the pressure in the capsule rises, and the diaphragm drives the valve core to move in the closing direction. Before the condensate reaches the saturation temperature, the trap starts to close. Valve box with the steam temperature control valve switch, play the role of gas blocking drainage. 2. Bellows Traps: Bellows Traps Stainless steel bellows filled with a vaporization temperature below the water saturation temperature of the liquid. With the change of steam temperature control valve switch, the valve has adjustment bolts, according to the need to adjust the use of temperature, the general range of subcooling is lower than the saturation temperature of 15 ℃ -40 ℃. Back pressure rate greater than 70%, not afraid of freezing, small size, can be installed anywhere, can row non-condensable gas, long service life. When the device is started, the cooling condensate appears in the pipe, the liquid in the bellows is in a condensed state, and the valve core is in an open position under the spring force of the spring. When the condensing water temperature gradually increased, the bellows filled with liquid began to evaporate and expand, the internal pressure increases, the deformation of elongation, driven spool to close the direction of movement, before the condensate to reach saturation temperature, the trap began to shut down, with the steam temperature control Valve switch, steam drainage. 3. Bimetallic trap: The main component of the bimetal traps is the bimetallic temperature sensing element, which is heated and deformed with the rise and fall of the steam temperature to promote the valve opening and closing of the valve core. Bimetallic trap with adjusting bolt can be adjusted according to the need to use the temperature, the general range of subcooling is below the saturation temperature of 15 ℃ -30 ℃, the back pressure rate is greater than 70%, can row non-condensable gas, not afraid of freezing, Small size, resistant to water hammer, high pressure, can be installed anywhere. Bimetal fatigue, need to be adjusted often. When the device is just started, the pipeline appears low temperature condensate, the bimetal is flat, the spool in the spring force, the valve is in the open position. When the condensate temperature is gradually increased, the bimetallic temperature-sensitive element begins to bend and deform, pushing the spool to the closed position. Traps begin to close before the condensate reaches its saturation temperature. Bimetal changes with the steam temperature control valve switch, steam drainage. Thermodynamic steam trap This type of steam trap according to the phase change principle, by steam and condensate flow through the different flow rates and volume changes in thermodynamic principles, so that different pressure from top to bottom valve to drive the valve switch valve. Due to the work force of the thermodynamic steam trap comes from the steam, steam is more wasteful. Simple structure, water hammer, maximum back is 50%, noisy, frequent valve work, short service life. Thermodynamic steam traps have thermal (disc), pulse, orifice plate type ------ 1. Thermodynamic steam trap: Thermodynamic steam trap has a movable valve, both sensitive and Action is the implementation of pieces. According to the different thermodynamic principles of flow rate and volume change when the steam and condensate pass, the pressure difference is generated on the valve plate to drive the valve switch valve. 3% leakage rate, undercooling 8 ℃ -15 ℃. When the device starts, the pipeline appears condensate cooling, condensate by working pressure to open the valve, the rapid discharge. When the condensate discharge is completed, the steam is subsequently discharged. Due to the large volume of steam and the flow rate of the condensate, the pressure difference is generated above and below the valve, and the valve is rapidly closed under the suction of the steam flow rate. When the valve is closed, the valve is subject to both sides of the pressure, the valve area under the stress is less than the above force area, because the pressure inside the steam trap chamber from the steam pressure, so the valve above the force greater than the following, the valve Close tightly. When the steam trap inside the steam chamber to cool down into condensation water, the pressure inside the chamber disappears. Condensate by working pressure to open the valve, condensate and continue to discharge, work cycle, intermittent drainage. 2. Disc steam insulation trap: Disc steam insulation trap works the same as with the thermodynamic steam trap, it is outside the steam chamber in the thermodynamic steam trap to add a layer of shell. The inner chamber of the shell and the steam pipe are communicated with each other, and the main steam chamber of the steam trap is insulated by the steam of the pipe itself. So that the temperature of the main steam room is not easy to cool, keep the steam pressure, trap tightly closed. When the pipeline produces condensate, trap shell cooling, traps began to drain; superheated steam pipeline if there is no condensation of water, the trap will not open, high-quality work. The valve body is made of alloy steel and the valve core is cemented carbide. The maximum allowable temperature of the valve is 550 ℃. It is durable and long service life. It is a special steam trap for high pressure and high temperature superheated steam. 3. Pulse trap: pulse trap There are two orifice plate according to changes in steam pressure to adjust the valve switch, even if the valve is completely closed inlet and outlet through the first and second holes are connected, always in an incomplete shutdown , Steam constantly overflow, large amount of steam leakage. The trap action frequency is high, wear powerful, shorter life expectancy. Small size, water hammer, can discharge air and saturated temperature water, close to continuous drainage, the maximum back pressure of 25%, so few users. 4. Trap-type trap: Trap-trap is based on different displacement, choose a different aperture of the orifice, to achieve the purpose of controlling displacement. Simple structure, the choice of inappropriate drainage there will be less than or a large number of running steam is not suitable for intermittent production of steam equipment or condensate water volume fluctuations in the use of steam equipment.
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