As the price of crude oil has risen all the way, plus the international community's call for carbon emissions has been higher than a wave, the production of biofuels has become increasingly attractive. Companies in the petroleum and chemical industries have taken actions to compete for the development of various applicable technologies and the construction of production facilities, in an effort to seize opportunities for biofuels and biodiesel-based biofuels.
The oil giant Chevron, through its subsidiary Chevron Technology Corporation, and the University of California, United States, formed a biofuels consortium that plans to invest $25 million over five years from 2006 to 2010 to work on four areas of research: characterization in California. Suitable biofuel feedstocks, development of high-performance raw materials that are resistant to drought and less land, development of technologies for the production of biofuels from cellulose, design and construction of appropriate verification devices. In order to solve the problem of competing with people, Chevron hopes to come out with low-cost cellulosic ethanol technology. To this end, the company and the United States Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have formed a joint research and development team to develop production technologies that convert biomass, such as forestry and agricultural waste, into ethanol. It is said that since 2000, the company has invested more than 1.5 billion U.S. dollars in renewable energy research.
BP announced in early February 2007 that it will invest 500 million U.S. dollars in the next 10 years to establish the Institute of Energy Biosciences, which aims to research and produce new clean energy. The initial focus was on biofuels for road transportation. To this end, the company has formed research and development consortiums with universities such as the University of Illinois and the University of California. In addition, BP also established the Biosciences Energy R&D Center and established a new biofuels business unit. BP also joined forces with DuPont, a large chemical company, to develop, produce and sell butanol, a new generation of biofuels, for renewable transportation fuels. At the end of June 2007, BP announced an investment of 400 million U.S. dollars in cooperation with the British Food Federation and the US DuPont Co., Ltd. to build a bioethanol device and technical verification device with a capacity of 420 million liters per year in wheat in northern England. The device will be put into production in the second half of 2009.
Shell has been developing biofuels for 30 years and is the largest distributor of biofuels for transportation. Naturally, it is not far behind in the development of new technologies for biofuels. Shell Oil Products, a subsidiary of Shell, and Codexis, an enzyme technology company in the United States, signed a contract for the development of bio-butanol fuel in November 2006. Butanol has lower vapor pressure and water solubility than ethanol. This advantage allows biobutanol to be blended into gasoline at higher blending levels.
Shell also cooperated with the German company Choren, which is engaged in technology development, to develop a production process that uses a variety of biomass to produce diesel. The commercial scale device based on this technology is said to be put into production in 2009.
As Europe's leading biofuel producer, French Total developed two types of biofuels: ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) and vegetable oil methyl ester (VOME) produced from ethanol. The company owns or co-operates in Belgium, Germany, France and Spain with 7 sets of ETBE production units and is transferred to VOME in diesel from its French, German and Italian refineries. At present, the company is also committed to the development of new biofuel technologies.
Some Other energy companies are also keen to invest in biofuels. For example, Repsol-YPF, the largest oil company in Spain, together with its partners, plans to jointly invest 300 million euros in Spain to build a biodiesel plant with a capacity of 1 million tons of vegetable oil feedstock. This investment will greatly reduce CO2 emissions in Spain.
Petrobras will work with Italy’s Eni to produce biofuels in places like Brazil. Petrobras has extensive experience in producing bioethanol in Brazil. The company has developed a grand biofuel development plan, and it is expected that the investment in ethanol distribution and biodiesel production will reach 1.5 billion U.S. dollars between 2008 and 2012. Among them, the total investment in pipelines accounted for 46%, 29% in biodiesel, and 25% in other biofuels.
The development strategy of the Finnish energy company NEST Petroleum is to become the world's largest biodiesel producer. The company plans to produce millions of tons of biodiesel per year from vegetable oils and animal fats. For this purpose, it will build several sets of biodiesel production plants locally or jointly. If the company cooperates with Austrian OMV Petroleum Co., Ltd. to build a 200,000-ton/year biodiesel plant based on vegetable oil and animal fat at the Ove Company's 10.54 million t/y production capacity in the Heveschat refinery. It will be put into production this year.
In addition, the company also signed an agreement with Finnish paper producer Stora Enso Oyg to develop a new generation of biofuel technology from wood waste. It is said that in addition to the use of wood waste, the project is also dedicated to the production of crude biodiesel from syngas using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, and the crude biodiesel is then refined in the Parvo refinery.
The oil giant Chevron, through its subsidiary Chevron Technology Corporation, and the University of California, United States, formed a biofuels consortium that plans to invest $25 million over five years from 2006 to 2010 to work on four areas of research: characterization in California. Suitable biofuel feedstocks, development of high-performance raw materials that are resistant to drought and less land, development of technologies for the production of biofuels from cellulose, design and construction of appropriate verification devices. In order to solve the problem of competing with people, Chevron hopes to come out with low-cost cellulosic ethanol technology. To this end, the company and the United States Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have formed a joint research and development team to develop production technologies that convert biomass, such as forestry and agricultural waste, into ethanol. It is said that since 2000, the company has invested more than 1.5 billion U.S. dollars in renewable energy research.
BP announced in early February 2007 that it will invest 500 million U.S. dollars in the next 10 years to establish the Institute of Energy Biosciences, which aims to research and produce new clean energy. The initial focus was on biofuels for road transportation. To this end, the company has formed research and development consortiums with universities such as the University of Illinois and the University of California. In addition, BP also established the Biosciences Energy R&D Center and established a new biofuels business unit. BP also joined forces with DuPont, a large chemical company, to develop, produce and sell butanol, a new generation of biofuels, for renewable transportation fuels. At the end of June 2007, BP announced an investment of 400 million U.S. dollars in cooperation with the British Food Federation and the US DuPont Co., Ltd. to build a bioethanol device and technical verification device with a capacity of 420 million liters per year in wheat in northern England. The device will be put into production in the second half of 2009.
Shell has been developing biofuels for 30 years and is the largest distributor of biofuels for transportation. Naturally, it is not far behind in the development of new technologies for biofuels. Shell Oil Products, a subsidiary of Shell, and Codexis, an enzyme technology company in the United States, signed a contract for the development of bio-butanol fuel in November 2006. Butanol has lower vapor pressure and water solubility than ethanol. This advantage allows biobutanol to be blended into gasoline at higher blending levels.
Shell also cooperated with the German company Choren, which is engaged in technology development, to develop a production process that uses a variety of biomass to produce diesel. The commercial scale device based on this technology is said to be put into production in 2009.
As Europe's leading biofuel producer, French Total developed two types of biofuels: ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) and vegetable oil methyl ester (VOME) produced from ethanol. The company owns or co-operates in Belgium, Germany, France and Spain with 7 sets of ETBE production units and is transferred to VOME in diesel from its French, German and Italian refineries. At present, the company is also committed to the development of new biofuel technologies.
Some Other energy companies are also keen to invest in biofuels. For example, Repsol-YPF, the largest oil company in Spain, together with its partners, plans to jointly invest 300 million euros in Spain to build a biodiesel plant with a capacity of 1 million tons of vegetable oil feedstock. This investment will greatly reduce CO2 emissions in Spain.
Petrobras will work with Italy’s Eni to produce biofuels in places like Brazil. Petrobras has extensive experience in producing bioethanol in Brazil. The company has developed a grand biofuel development plan, and it is expected that the investment in ethanol distribution and biodiesel production will reach 1.5 billion U.S. dollars between 2008 and 2012. Among them, the total investment in pipelines accounted for 46%, 29% in biodiesel, and 25% in other biofuels.
The development strategy of the Finnish energy company NEST Petroleum is to become the world's largest biodiesel producer. The company plans to produce millions of tons of biodiesel per year from vegetable oils and animal fats. For this purpose, it will build several sets of biodiesel production plants locally or jointly. If the company cooperates with Austrian OMV Petroleum Co., Ltd. to build a 200,000-ton/year biodiesel plant based on vegetable oil and animal fat at the Ove Company's 10.54 million t/y production capacity in the Heveschat refinery. It will be put into production this year.
In addition, the company also signed an agreement with Finnish paper producer Stora Enso Oyg to develop a new generation of biofuel technology from wood waste. It is said that in addition to the use of wood waste, the project is also dedicated to the production of crude biodiesel from syngas using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, and the crude biodiesel is then refined in the Parvo refinery.
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