What are the basic components? There are many kinds of basic components and specifications, and they are widely used. They mainly refer to bearings, gears, molds, hydraulic parts, pneumatic components, seals, fasteners, etc., and are used for aerospace, weapons, machinery manufacturing, transportation, construction projects, etc. The metallurgical and mining, petrochemical, power and energy, electronic communications, and light industrial textiles provide supporting equipment. It is an indispensable part of the equipment manufacturing industry and directly determines the performance, level, quality, and reliability of major equipment and host products.
You may not know that nearly all of our wind turbine spindle bearings and high-speed EMU bearings are dependent on imports; the automatic transmission used in a small car, and the high-end hydraulic parts assembled by a single excavator still need to rely heavily on imports... Like the basic parts industry that got "crochitis", how should we go ahead?
Only the high-pressure and large-flow hydraulic components required by construction machinery were used as examples. In 2010, the import of hydraulic components was 2.858 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 32% over the same period of last year. Two-thirds of imported hydraulic components were used in construction machinery and 70 percent of the total profits of the construction machinery industry. % was swallowed by imported basic parts. At the same time, due to factors such as high supply prices and untimely delivery, it is difficult for excavator companies in China to grasp the initiative of competition in the fierce market competition. In 2010, China's excavator industry accumulated sales of 165,800 units, an increase of 78.52% year-on-year, of which the market share of self-owned brands was only 28.30%.
This is one of the manifestations of the severe lag in the development of China's basic parts and components industry.
Equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic and basic industry that provides technical equipment for various industries in the national economy. It has a high level of industrial connections, strong ability to attract employment, and a strong concentration of technology funds. It is an important guarantee for industrial upgrading and technological progress in various industries and the overall strength of the country. Concentrated. It can be said that if we cannot upgrade the level of manufacturing of basic parts and components as soon as possible, it will be difficult to realize the transformation of our country from a large equipment manufacturing country to a powerful one.
After years of development, China's basic parts and components manufacturing industry has formed an industrial system with complete categories, large scale, and certain competitiveness. However, the development of the short board is also very obvious: large and not strong, the structural contradictions are prominent, can not meet the host supporting requirements, key components still rely heavily on imports, becoming a bottleneck restricting the development of China's major equipment. The main problems are as follows: First, the ability of technological innovation is weak. The early product failure rate is high, the service life is short, and the reliability is poor. At present, the performance indicators of various types of main engine parts and components in China are roughly equal to those of foreign countries in the 1980s, which is far from the world advanced level. Second, the industrial structure is irrational. The low-price and vicious competition of low-end and intermediate-level basic component products is serious, and the research and development and manufacturing capabilities of high-end basic components are seriously insufficient. The third is backward technology equipment. The process control capability and process assurance capability are not balanced. The manufacturing technology and detection methods are backward. As a result, the consistency and stability of the product cannot meet the matching requirements of the host, which seriously affects the improvement of the product manufacturing level. Fourth, it is difficult for new products to enter the market. The inspection and certification system is not complete, and new products lack experimental verification and application performance. Users and host companies lack confidence in using basic parts and new products.
Due to the relatively late recognition of the importance of basic parts and components in the machinery industry and the lack of investment for a long time, the entire industry has a poor foundation, a weak foundation and weak strength. At the same time, the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry has a long-standing problem of focusing on mainframes and light components. With the increase in the level of host computers in China, the bottleneck phenomenon that basic components lag behind the host machine has become increasingly apparent, resulting in 18 major technical equipment that the country has supported and developed with great emphasis. In key areas, the key basic components of most products are imported and controlled.
The problem of lagging behind in the development of basic parts and components industry has aroused great attention from the state. The high-end development of parts and components has been listed as a strategic issue in the development of equipment manufacturing. The state has successively issued a series of policy measures, such as the Implementation Plan for the Revitalization of the Mechanical Basic Parts Industry and the 12th Five-Year Development Plan for the Mechanical Basic Components, Key Special Materials, and Basic Manufacturing Process. It is proposed that after three years of hard work, one breakthrough will be achieved. Approval of key components manufacturing key technologies, product technology level reaching the international advanced level in the early 21st century; R&D of a batch of key basic components, mastering a group of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and raising the supporting capacity of major equipment basic parts to more than 70% Adjust industrial and product structure, develop a batch of high value-added products, cultivate a batch of professional and competitive basic parts and components companies and well-known brands with international competitiveness, increase technological transformation support, and focus on strengthening technological equipment and testing capabilities. , Create a number of industry technical service platforms, improve the technological innovation system, and lay a solid foundation for technological innovation.
While supporting the development of basic parts and components industry, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the development of strategic emerging industries have also brought new opportunities for the rejuvenation of the industry. The state will intensify scientific and technological innovation, improve the level of major equipment autonomy, and enlarge and strengthen the equipment manufacturing industry, which will promote the further development of the basic parts and components industry. While vigorously promoting the development of strategic emerging industries and actively nurturing new economic growth points will bring new opportunities for the development of high-end parts and components industries; high-end equipment manufacturing has become the seven major strategic emerging industries that the country has focused on developing and nurturing. One of the key areas has now identified five key directions for the development and cultivation of high-end equipment manufacturing, namely, aviation equipment, satellites and their application industries, rail transportation equipment, marine engineering equipment, and intelligent manufacturing equipment. These engineering equipment are needed. Providing high-end basic components will undoubtedly bring huge market capacity to the industry.
Accelerating the revitalization of the basic parts and components industry is significant and far-reaching. Accelerating the pace of breakthroughs in the development of bottlenecks in key parts and components, and constantly meeting the needs of equipment and strategic emerging industries in various fields is not only an inherent requirement for the transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry itself, but also the adjustment and revitalization of key industries, the cultivation and development of emerging industries, and even the industries of the national economy. The basic guarantee and important support for technological progress in various fields.
You may not know that nearly all of our wind turbine spindle bearings and high-speed EMU bearings are dependent on imports; the automatic transmission used in a small car, and the high-end hydraulic parts assembled by a single excavator still need to rely heavily on imports... Like the basic parts industry that got "crochitis", how should we go ahead?
Only the high-pressure and large-flow hydraulic components required by construction machinery were used as examples. In 2010, the import of hydraulic components was 2.858 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 32% over the same period of last year. Two-thirds of imported hydraulic components were used in construction machinery and 70 percent of the total profits of the construction machinery industry. % was swallowed by imported basic parts. At the same time, due to factors such as high supply prices and untimely delivery, it is difficult for excavator companies in China to grasp the initiative of competition in the fierce market competition. In 2010, China's excavator industry accumulated sales of 165,800 units, an increase of 78.52% year-on-year, of which the market share of self-owned brands was only 28.30%.
This is one of the manifestations of the severe lag in the development of China's basic parts and components industry.
Equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic and basic industry that provides technical equipment for various industries in the national economy. It has a high level of industrial connections, strong ability to attract employment, and a strong concentration of technology funds. It is an important guarantee for industrial upgrading and technological progress in various industries and the overall strength of the country. Concentrated. It can be said that if we cannot upgrade the level of manufacturing of basic parts and components as soon as possible, it will be difficult to realize the transformation of our country from a large equipment manufacturing country to a powerful one.
After years of development, China's basic parts and components manufacturing industry has formed an industrial system with complete categories, large scale, and certain competitiveness. However, the development of the short board is also very obvious: large and not strong, the structural contradictions are prominent, can not meet the host supporting requirements, key components still rely heavily on imports, becoming a bottleneck restricting the development of China's major equipment. The main problems are as follows: First, the ability of technological innovation is weak. The early product failure rate is high, the service life is short, and the reliability is poor. At present, the performance indicators of various types of main engine parts and components in China are roughly equal to those of foreign countries in the 1980s, which is far from the world advanced level. Second, the industrial structure is irrational. The low-price and vicious competition of low-end and intermediate-level basic component products is serious, and the research and development and manufacturing capabilities of high-end basic components are seriously insufficient. The third is backward technology equipment. The process control capability and process assurance capability are not balanced. The manufacturing technology and detection methods are backward. As a result, the consistency and stability of the product cannot meet the matching requirements of the host, which seriously affects the improvement of the product manufacturing level. Fourth, it is difficult for new products to enter the market. The inspection and certification system is not complete, and new products lack experimental verification and application performance. Users and host companies lack confidence in using basic parts and new products.
Due to the relatively late recognition of the importance of basic parts and components in the machinery industry and the lack of investment for a long time, the entire industry has a poor foundation, a weak foundation and weak strength. At the same time, the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry has a long-standing problem of focusing on mainframes and light components. With the increase in the level of host computers in China, the bottleneck phenomenon that basic components lag behind the host machine has become increasingly apparent, resulting in 18 major technical equipment that the country has supported and developed with great emphasis. In key areas, the key basic components of most products are imported and controlled.
The problem of lagging behind in the development of basic parts and components industry has aroused great attention from the state. The high-end development of parts and components has been listed as a strategic issue in the development of equipment manufacturing. The state has successively issued a series of policy measures, such as the Implementation Plan for the Revitalization of the Mechanical Basic Parts Industry and the 12th Five-Year Development Plan for the Mechanical Basic Components, Key Special Materials, and Basic Manufacturing Process. It is proposed that after three years of hard work, one breakthrough will be achieved. Approval of key components manufacturing key technologies, product technology level reaching the international advanced level in the early 21st century; R&D of a batch of key basic components, mastering a group of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and raising the supporting capacity of major equipment basic parts to more than 70% Adjust industrial and product structure, develop a batch of high value-added products, cultivate a batch of professional and competitive basic parts and components companies and well-known brands with international competitiveness, increase technological transformation support, and focus on strengthening technological equipment and testing capabilities. , Create a number of industry technical service platforms, improve the technological innovation system, and lay a solid foundation for technological innovation.
While supporting the development of basic parts and components industry, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the development of strategic emerging industries have also brought new opportunities for the rejuvenation of the industry. The state will intensify scientific and technological innovation, improve the level of major equipment autonomy, and enlarge and strengthen the equipment manufacturing industry, which will promote the further development of the basic parts and components industry. While vigorously promoting the development of strategic emerging industries and actively nurturing new economic growth points will bring new opportunities for the development of high-end parts and components industries; high-end equipment manufacturing has become the seven major strategic emerging industries that the country has focused on developing and nurturing. One of the key areas has now identified five key directions for the development and cultivation of high-end equipment manufacturing, namely, aviation equipment, satellites and their application industries, rail transportation equipment, marine engineering equipment, and intelligent manufacturing equipment. These engineering equipment are needed. Providing high-end basic components will undoubtedly bring huge market capacity to the industry.
Accelerating the revitalization of the basic parts and components industry is significant and far-reaching. Accelerating the pace of breakthroughs in the development of bottlenecks in key parts and components, and constantly meeting the needs of equipment and strategic emerging industries in various fields is not only an inherent requirement for the transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry itself, but also the adjustment and revitalization of key industries, the cultivation and development of emerging industries, and even the industries of the national economy. The basic guarantee and important support for technological progress in various fields.
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