(1) The light emission of Er3+ at 1550 nm is of special significance because the wavelength is exactly at the lowest loss of the optical fiber for fiber communication. The erbium ion (Er3+) is excited by the light at 980 nm and 1480 nm, and then transitions from the ground state 4I15/2 to high. The energy state 4I13/2 emits light of 1550 nm when Er3+ in the high energy state transitions back to the ground state. The quartz fiber can transmit light of different wavelengths, but different light light decay rates are different, and the light of the 1550 nm band is In quartz fiber, the light attenuation rate is the lowest (0.15 dB/km), which is almost the lower limit attenuation rate. Therefore, when fiber communication is used as signal light at 1550 nm, the light loss is minimal. In this way, if a proper concentration of germanium is incorporated into a suitable matrix, the amplifier can compensate for the loss in the communication system according to the laser principle. Therefore, in a telecommunications network that needs to amplify an optical signal with a wavelength of 1550 nm, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier must be indispensable. With few optics, current erbium-doped silica fiber amplifiers have been commercialized. It has been reported that in order to avoid useless absorption, the doping amount of germanium in the optical fiber is several tens to several hundreds of ppm. The rapid development of optical fiber communication will open up new fields of application. (2) The additional erbium-doped laser crystal and its output of 1730nm laser and 1550nm laser are safe for human eyes, good atmospheric transmission performance, strong penetrating ability to the battlefield, good confidentiality, and difficult to be detected by the enemy. The military target has a large contrast ratio and has been made into a military-use portable laser range finder for human eyes. (3) Er3+ can be made into rare earth glass laser material by adding it to glass. It is the solid laser material with the highest output pulse energy and the highest output power. (4) Er3+ can also be used as an activated ion for rare earth up-conversion laser materials. (5) The enamel can also be applied to the discoloration and coloration of spectacle glass and crystallized glass.
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