The National Energy Administration officially released the “Coal Clean and Efficient Utilization Action Plan (2015-2020)†recently, clearly proposing to “plan and advance the development of modern coal chemical industryâ€. According to another report, the National Energy Administration will soon issue the "Guiding Opinions on the Orderly Development of Coal Gas Demonstration Projects" and the "Guiding Opinions on Steadily Promoting the Demonstration of Coal-to-Petroleum Industrialization." According to the analysis, this means that China will restart the six-year coal chemical project.
Although the coal chemical project has always been highly favored by the capital market, the problems of high energy consumption, high water consumption, and pollution emissions have also made it controversial. In order to reduce air pollution caused by coal chemical industry, resolve some of the excess capacity, and restrict the introduction of small-scale primary coal chemical projects, the National Development and Reform Commission released and implemented the Catalogue of Encouraged Industries in the Western Region last year, and was drafted in multiple drafts in the consultation draft. ) The listed 1 million tons of coal-made methanol and 500,000 tons of coal-to-olefins items are not retained in the Catalogue, which means that such coal chemical projects will not be allowed to enjoy policy dividends such as income tax, establishment, and approval.
In China, coal chemical industry generally faces the problem of structural overcapacity. It is expected that by 2020, China will have 60 million tons of coal-to-methanol production capacity and 41 million tons of coal-to-olefin production capacity. The capacity utilization rate of coal chemical industry in China is about 70%, which is lower than the reasonable range of 80%-85% in the world. The capacity utilization rate of methanol is even only 45%-60%, and 80% of methanol enterprises have suffered losses. The issue of overcapacity has become increasingly prominent.
It is understood that the coal chemical industry in the western region has a short industrial chain and a single downstream product structure with a high risk. Although the western region is rich in coal resources, due to the constraints of economy, water resources, and technology, the level of coal chemical industry is still relatively low, the industrial chain is short, there are few high-end products with deep processing and high added value, and the product structure is simple, such as coal to olefins. 82% of the project's end products are polyethylene and polypropylene. The overall anti-risk capability of the coal chemical industry is weak.
Coal chemical projects consume much water and the environmental pollution is quite serious. In coal chemical production, one ton of coal is converted into coal-to-oil or coal-to-olefin, requiring 10 tons to 15 tons of water. The coal chemical industry that is truly large-scale uses 2,000 to 3,000 tons of water per hour. The shortage of water resources in western China is serious and it is difficult to carry excessive coal chemical projects.
In addition, coal will generate SO2, NOx, and CO2-based exhaust gases, as well as waste water and waste slag during the gasification process. The eco-environment in some coal-rich regions in China's central and western regions is relatively fragile, and a large number of pollution emissions will cause irreversible consequences.
Judging from the current pollution control technology, almost all large coal chemical companies are still unable to truly achieve "zero emissions." In recent years, China’s coal chemical policy has placed special emphasis on adapting to the environmental capacity, and has put forward stringent industrial access requirements for energy conversion efficiency, water consumption, and pollution emissions, which is a great challenge for coal chemical companies.
So, how will China's coal chemical companies develop in the future?
The first is to actively plan a group of high value-added coal-based fine chemical projects and encourage the development of cutting-edge products. Encourage enterprises to focus on the development of coal-electricity-coal oil-coal deep processing, coal-electricity-to-coal olefins and their downstream products, coal-to-ethylene glycol and their downstream products and other industrial chains, and promote the deepening and high-end of coal chemical industry Develops in the direction of development; builds public service platforms such as talents and technology, guides enterprises to cooperate with scientific research institutes to improve the technical level of coal deep processing, establishes special funds for frontier products, and encourages companies to try to develop coal-based aromatics, low-quality coal upgrading, etc. High value-added projects to enhance the industrial level.
The second is to guide the concept of circular economy, encourage the development of green coal chemical projects, and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Formulate a series of green standards for project access, such as strict control of the greening rate in the production area above 30% and industrial water reuse rate of up to 100%, and advocate that the company strictly abide by the implementation. Encourage enterprises to build circular economy industrial chains such as coal-gas-chemicals-building materials, carbon dioxide-dry ice-gas waste-refrigerant-fire extinguishers, integrate coal chemical desulfurization waste, actively develop the chemical fertilizer industry, and locally digest the "three wastes" produced by coal chemical industry. Improve the comprehensive utilization of resources. Guide enterprises in the production process to promote the use of CDQ power generation, gas to methanol, crude benzene refining, advanced wastewater treatment, water reuse and other processes. Set up a special fund for green coal chemical industry, and give appropriate subsidies to coal chemical companies that have actively implemented the optimization project of coal chemical greening and made outstanding contributions in the field of environmental protection.
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